Zonal features of bioecological properties and honey productivity of species of the family Onagraceae Juss

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Representatives of the cypress family (Onagraceae) are among the most valuable melliferous plants of the herbaceous flora of temperate latitudes in Russia. These honeybees are inferior to linden and white acacia among woody plants. It is known that maximum honey yields from the narrow-leaved willow (Epilobium angustifolium L.) are obtained in fresh heaths (3-5 years). The paper considers the dynamics of nectar production in different geographical zones depending on the bioecological characteristics of the honeybee. The ecological conditions on the unforested lands of the Middle Taiga in the Northwest region (Leningrad region) differ significantly from those of the rangelands. Distinct from particularly young havens, which form during certain periods of plant community development. Therefore, the willow herb on forest edges and glades is not as abundant (20 pcs./m2). The number of flowers per plant is lower (62 pcs.) than that of plants on fire sites (92 pcs.). The honey productivity is 140 kg/ha on fallow land and 50 kg / ha at the forest edges. In the taiga zone of western Siberia after deforestation and fires, narrow-leafed willow (Epilobium angustifolium) produces abundant nectar for the first 5-7 years. Control hive readings reach 18-24 kg per day, honey production reaches 350 kg/ha. Analysis of the main pollinators and honey collectors on Cypress flowers showed that in the southern regions of Western Siberia, beekeepers do not feel the presence of competing honeybees. A census of melliferous species in the Vasyugany region revealed the presence of marsh bunting (Epilobium palustre L.), from which bees collect pollen (21.31 g, 2.09 % of total pollen) in July in a beige-purple color. In the south, the honey productivity of the strong bearer cypress (Epilobium angustifolium L.) reaches 800 kg/ha, while in the north it does not produce nectar. On the territory of the Republic of Mari El, the productivity of honey in the burned areas of pine and linden spruce forests, where powerful thickets of willow herb develop, reaches 492 kg/ha.