Zn- or Cu-containing CaP-Based Coatings Formed by Micro-Arc Oxidation on Titanium and Ti-40Nb Alloy: Part II-Wettability and Biological Performance.

Ekaterina G Komarova,Larisa S Litvinova,Mariya B Sedelnikova,Yurii P Sharkeev,Matthias Epple,Igor A Khlusov,Kristina A Yurova,Lyudmila S Mushtovatova,Oleg Prymak,Olga P Bochkareva,Mariia R Karpova,Anna N Dzyuman,Irina V Kulagina,Vladimir V Malashchenko,Valeria V Shupletsova

doi:10.3390/ma13194366

Ekaterina G Komarova, Larisa S Litvinova + Show 13 more

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This work describes the wettability and biological performance of Zn- and Cu-containing CaP-based coatings prepared by micro-arc oxidation on pure titanium (Ti) and novel Ti-40Nb alloy. Good hydrophilic properties of all the coatings were demonstrated by the low contact angles with liquids, not exceeding 45°. An increase in the applied voltage led to an increase of the coating roughness and porosity, thereby reducing the contact angles to 6° with water and to 17° with glycerol. The free surface energy of 75 ± 3 mJ/m2 for all the coatings were determined. Polar component was calculated as the main component of surface energy, caused by the presence of strong polar PO43− and OH− bonds. In vitro studies showed that low Cu and Zn amounts (~0.4 at.%) in the coatings promoted high motility of human adipose-derived multipotent mesenchymal stromal cells (hAMMSC) on the implant/cell interface and subsequent cell ability to differentiate into osteoblasts. In vivo study demonstrated 100% ectopic bone formation only on the surface of the CaP coating on Ti. The Zn- and Cu-containing CaP coatings on both substrates and the CaP coating on the Ti-40Nb alloy slightly decreased the incidence of ectopic osteogenesis down to 67%. The MAO coatings showed antibacterial efficacy against Staphylococcus aureus and can be arranged as follows: Zn-CaP/Ti > Cu-CaP/TiNb, Zn-CaP/TiNb > Cu-CaP/Ti.

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Titanium (Ti) and its alloys have been widely applied in orthopedics, traumatology, and dentistry from the last century due to their high chemical stability and excellent biocompatibility [1]
It is well known that an increase in the surface energy can lead to increasing surface wettability [44]
An increase in the Micro-arc oxidation (MAO) voltage leads to a linear decrease of the water contact angles on all the coating types from 23◦ to 6◦ (Figure 2)

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Titanium (Ti) and its alloys have been widely applied in orthopedics, traumatology, and dentistry from the last century due to their high chemical stability and excellent biocompatibility [1] Despite their successful biomedical application, there are disadvantages and the most notable is high elastic modulus (~110 GPa) of α- and (α + β)-types Ti alloys [2]. A novel binary β-type Ti-Nb-based alloys are promising materials for biomedical applications due to their relatively low elastic modulus, high corrosion resistance, and good biocompatibility [7,8]. These works [9,10,11]

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