Abstract
The design and structural frameworks for targeted drug delivery of medicinal compounds and improved cell imaging have been developed with several advantages. However, metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) are supplemented tremendously for medical uses with efficient efficacy. These MOFs are considered as an absolutely new class of porous materials, extensively used in drug delivery systems, cell imaging, and detecting the analytes, especially for cancer biomarkers, due to their excellent biocompatibility, easy functionalization, high storage capacity, and excellent biodegradability. While Zn-metal centers in MOFs have been found by enhanced efficient detection and improved drug delivery, these Zn-based MOFs have appeared to be safe as elucidated by different cytotoxicity assays for targeted drug delivery. On the other hand, the MOF-based heterogeneous catalyst is durable and can regenerate multiple times without losing activity. Therefore, as functional carriers for drug delivery, cell imaging, and chemosensory, MOFs’ chemical composition and flexible porous structure allowed engineering to improve their medical formulation and functionality. This review summarizes the methodology for fabricating ultrasensitive and selective Zn-MOF-based sensors, as well as their application in early cancer diagnosis and therapy. This review also offers a systematic approach to understanding the development of MOFs as efficient drug carriers and provides new insights on their applications and limitations in utility with possible solutions.
Highlights
Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) are fascinating hybrid porous materials formed by a combination of metal and organic compounds [1,2]
We address recent breakthroughs in metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) and their advanced synthetic methods as well as their various applications, especially related to drug delivery, cell imaging, chemo sensing, and some electrochemical applications such as supercapacitors, sensors, catalysts, and batteries, based on their measurements
Current data about development and applications of MOFs are quickly proliferating in recent years, but there is still a noteworthy gap in the complete understanding of their structure, properties, and stability under different conditions
Summary
Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) are fascinating hybrid porous materials formed by a combination of metal and organic compounds [1,2]. In the 1990s, Hoskin and Robson raised interest in this class of materials by adopting further logical methods to its “reticular” layout and synthesis [4]. These hybrid MOFs are found in one-dimensional, two-dimensional, or three-dimensional structures [5]. MOF cavities permit the encapsulation of different guest molecules to allow drug release and optimal imaging [7,8]. If the volume of MOFs particles has been reduced to the nanoscale, nano-MOFs (NMOFs) could function as effective nano carriers to supply agents for imaging, chemotherapy, photo thermal therapy, photodynamic treatment, and rehabilitation [9]
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