Abstract
Recent advances in woundcare is targeted towards developing active-dressings, where multiple components are combined to provide a suitable environment for rapid healing. The aim of the present research is to study the preparation of biomimic composite wound dressings by the grafting of hydrogel on silk fibroin fabric. The swelling ability of hydrogel grafted silk fibroin fabric was optimized by changing the initiator concentration. In order to impart antimicrobial properties, these dressing are further coated sono-chemically with zinc oxide nanoparticles. The water vapor transmission rate of the prepared samples was measured. The conformation of silk fibroin proteins after grafting with hydrogel was also confirmed using Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR). The morphology of the zinc oxide-coated silk fibroin fabric and hydrogel-coated silk fibroin was studied using Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM). The antimicrobial activity of the zinc oxide-coated samples was studied against E coli. The cytocompatibility of the prepared dressing materials were evaluated using L929 fibroblast cells. MTT assay and phase contrast microscopic studies showed that the adherence, growth, and proliferation of the L929 fibroblast cells that were seeded on zinc oxide nanoparticles on the functionalized hydrogel-coated silk fibroin dressing was significantly higher than that of pure silk fibroin due to the highly porous, bio-mimic structure that allowed ease of passage of nutrients, growth factors, metabolites, and the exchange of gases which is beneficial for successful regeneration of damaged tissues. The expression of TNF-α and IL-2 were not significantly higher than that of control. The proposed composite dressing would be a promising material for wound dressing and regenerative medicine but in order to prove the efficacy of these materials, more in vivo experiments and clinical tests are required to be conducted in future.
Highlights
Any disruption to the living tissue in which the affected part is torn away or punctured is defined as a wound [1]
The high-intensity ultrasound (US) prevents the aggregation of NPs resulting in the formation of stable and uniformly deposited Zinc oxide (ZnO) oxide nanoparticles functionalized on hydrogel-grafted silk fibroin fabric dressing
Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) (Carl Zeiss, Germany) was used to find the surface morphology of zinc oxide nanoparticles where samples were mounted after making 1mg/mL nanoparticle solution followed by 20 min sonication
Summary
Any disruption to the living tissue in which the affected part is torn away or punctured is defined as a wound [1]. There exists a requirement for a suitable material that would cover the wound to prevent it from infection for effective wound healing [3] Various materials such as hydrogel, aerogel, xerogel, microfiber, nanofiber, non-woven fabric, and gels as well as the autograft, allograft, and xenograft have been used to deliver functional molecules to the wound site. Charged argentine residues attract the negatively charged cells which improves the adherence, growth, and proliferation of seeded cells [11] These hydrogel grafted dressing materials show very high porosity, water vapor transmission, swelling ability, and structurally mimics the natural extracellular matrices [12,13]. The physical, mechanical, morphological, cytocompatibility, and cytotoxic properties of the ZnO oxide nanoparticle-coated hydrogel grafted on the silk fibroin dressing were studied in order to check their efficacy for wound dressing application
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