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Abstract
Zika virus (ZIKV) is an arthropod-borne virus that was first isolated in 1947. Since then, multiple outbreaks of ZIKV have been reported in different countries. It is transmitted mostly by Aedes mosquitoes, and the symptoms of fever, joint pain, red eyes, headache, and maculopapular rash closely resemble chikungunya and dengue. The most severe complications of ZIKV infection include the risk of microcephaly and other congenital brain anomalies in infected pregnant women. It is a condition that can be easily prevented with proper education. In this review, we focussed on different aspects of the recent outbreaks of Zika virus disease, including its epidemiological background, transmission routes, presentation, as well as diagnosis and prevention.
Highlights
BackgroundZika virus (ZIKV) is an arbovirus that was first isolated from a rhesus sentinel monkey in Kampala, Uganda, in 1947 [1]
The World Health Organization (WHO) raised the alarm for this condition, as most cases of microcephaly and defects in newborns from Zika virus disease were noted in economically deprived countries
Zika virus testing is not recommended as preconception screening or in non-pregnant asymptomatic individuals
Summary
Zika virus (ZIKV) is an arbovirus that was first isolated from a rhesus sentinel monkey in Kampala, Uganda, in 1947 [1]. In 2007, the first major outbreak of Zika fever took place on the Western Pacific Island of Yap in the Federated States of Micronesia [3]. Multiple outbreaks of ZIKV have been reported worldwide. The condition slowly crawled its way to the Americas in March 2015, and at the end of January 2016, more than 20 countries reported outbreaks of the ZIKV [6,7]. The World Health Organization (WHO) raised the alarm for this condition, as most cases of microcephaly and defects in newborns from Zika virus disease were noted in economically deprived countries. The organization emphasized that it is vital to properly educate the public on preventive measures to avoid a similar occurrence in the future
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