Zebrafish inositol polyphosphate kinases: New effectors of cilia and developmental signaling

Abstract

We described here our recent findings that Ipk1 catalyzed production of IP6 regulates LR-axis specification (Sarmah et al., 2005) and that IP6 is an essential effector of ciliary beating and length maintenance in zebrafish (Sarmah et al., 2007). We have also uncovered a novel role for the IP kinase IP6k2 in craniofacial development, neural crest cell migration, and hedgehog signal transduction (B.S. an S.R.W., unpublished). Together, these findings place IP production as a key mediator for cellular signaling mechanisms that regulate vital cellular and developmental processes. How these and other IPs are integrated with cell-cell signaling networks during complex processes, such as, tissue morphogenesis and maintenance of cell fate and function? We propose that with its enormous resource and unique set of structural, functional, and sensory attributes, cilium provide a platform for executing IP-based signaling functions. Given the evolutionary conservation of the IP repertoire and pathways, the developmental and molecular events uncovered in our studies in the zebrafish system could be applicable in other vertebrates including humans. This unbiased approach of systematic identification of IP functions in cilia and development will aid in understanding of multiple disease pathologies including ciliopathies and dysmorphic syndromes.