Abstract
Since the discovery of the second law of thermodynamics, skeptics have never ceased to challenge the absolute validity of the law, leading to a situation where the claim of violation of the second law has almost become routine today. This situation is also a serious threat to the fundamental status of thermodynamics. In this work, we bring to light evidences to prove the absolute validity of the second law as a fundamental law of physics. For this purpose, we propose a short revisit of the history of the discovery of the second law in order to highlight the connection between the second law and the first law of energy conservation. We then demonstrate that the perpetual motion machine of the second kind also violate the first law of thermodynamics, albeit indirectly, contrary to the common belief. This result confirms the second law is an inviolable fundamental law of physics, just like the law of energy conservation. Denying one of these conjoined twin laws is to deny the other. Any presumed violation of the second law, even a probabilistic one, inevitably violates the laws of energy and mass conservation, and undermines all fundamental laws of physics and chemistry. We conclude by summarizing a perspective of the interpretation of the second law taking into account the multiplicity of paths of random motion.
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