Yield stress analysis of 1D calcium and titanium precipitate-based giant electrorheological fluids

Abstract

1D calcium and titanium composite nanorods synthesized were applied as electrorheological (ER) active materials with extremely high static yield stresses, i.e., giant ER effect. The yield stress of this giant ER fluid was analyzed using a new universal yield stress scaling equation in the form of the modified Bessel functions with two different limiting behaviors in a low and high electric field region. The universal yield stress equation collapsed the yield stress data onto a single curve.