Yield Performance of Spring Oats Varieties as a Response to Fertilization and Sowing Distance

Marcel Duda,Avram Fițiu,Nicolae Tritean,Edward Muntean,Rozalia Kadar,Florin Russu,Anamaria Vâtcă,Ionuț Racz

doi:10.3390/agronomy11050815

Abstract

The main objective of this paper is to evaluate the yield potential of 25 different varieties of oat as a reaction to seeding distance and fertilization for improvement of crop technology and identification of the most adapted varieties. Based ANOVA test, the main influence on yield is due to climate, followed by the amount of fertilizers. The sowing distance reveals its influence when combined with the fertilization, this aspect pointing out the differences between studied varieties. The triple interactions gradually reduce the influence of the factors, their combination being very significant in the case year X sowing distance X variety. The spatial comparative analysis of the three experimental years presents an overlap in the median area of the PCA ordering of the 12.5 cm sowing distance, fertilized with N50P50 with the 25 cm sowing distance fertilized with N100P50. There are differences between the oat varieties regarding the reaction to the nitrogen fertilization, highlighting especially the Mureşana variety where comparable yields are obtained on both levels of fertilization: 5.18 t ha−1 (N50P50) and 5.59 t ha−1 (N100P50).

Highlights

Oat plants are cultivated up to an altitude of 1100 m and can reach mountainous, relatively humid, and cool areas located in the countries and the southern areas of Europe, USA, and Canada
The varieties were divided in 4 categories: 7 varieties and lines created at ARDS Turda (RoTd), 6 lines created at ARDS Lovrin (RoLo), 7 varieties from Western Europe (WEu) and 5 varieties from Central and Eastern Europe (CEEu)
For 2015, we point out especially the behavior of the Muresana variety, where similar productions were obtained on both nitrogen fertilization levels, this is mostly due to their resistance to lodging due to their low height, as compared to the other genotypes that were tested

Summary

Introduction

Oat plants are cultivated up to an altitude of 1100 m and can reach mountainous, relatively humid, and cool areas located in the countries and the southern areas of Europe, USA, and Canada. Oat was cultivated in 2019 over a global area of 9.42 million hectares, with greater surfaces in the Russian Federation (2.43 million hectares), Canada (1.17 million hectares), Poland (495,000 hectares), Spain (453,000 hectares), Brazil (448,000 hectares), USA (334,000 hectares), etc. In Romania, spring oats are cultivated on an area that exceeds 160,000 hectares every year and sometimes even exceed 200,000 hectares, as it was the case in 2007–2009. The autumn oats crop is sensitive during winter and the warm dry weather before the kernel formation. Because autumn oats crop is sensitive during winter conditions, spring oat is preferable. In the tropical areas it is cultivated at greater altitudes, in Ethiopia and Kenya reaching 1600 m, being able to surpass 2000 m [3,4]

Objectives

Methods

Results

Discussion

Conclusion