Abstract
Utilization of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) for enhancing growth and development as well as production of essential oil in aromatic plants has been increasingly drawing research interest. In order to assess the AMF effects on different aromatic species, an open-field experiment was carried out using Artemisia dracunculus (tarragon), Lavandula angustifolia (lavender) and Hyssopus officinalis (hyssop). AMF stimulated the growth of tarragon and lavender plants, whereas hyssop showed a slight developmental slowing; nonetheless, a significant increase in essential oil content in the three species was seen. AMF application increased the biomass of A. dracunculus and H. officinalis by 20–35%. No differences in antioxidant activity and phenolics content were recorded at harvest between the control and AMF-inoculated plants, but the latter showed a significant increase in antioxidant status upon storage at high temperature and humidity compared to the untreated control. The enhancement of abiotic stress resistance during storage in plants inoculated with AMF was the highest in A. dracunculus, and the lowest in H. officinalis, while the untreated control plants showed a significant decrease in phenolics, ascorbic acid and chlorophyll content, as well as antioxidant activity, upon the abiotic stress. AMF inoculation differentially affected the mineral composition, increasing the accumulation of Se, I and Zn in A. dracunculus, and decreasing the levels of heavy metals and Co, Fe, Li, Mn in H. officinalis. Based on the outcome of the present research, AMF inoculation resulted in a significant enhancement of the overall performances of A. dracunculus, L. angustifolia and H. officinalis, and also in the improvement of plant antioxidant status upon storage in stress conditions.
Highlights
Among the modern environmentally friendly technologies for plant production, the utilization of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) is one of the most promising, especially in organic management [1].the latter approach results in the improvement of plant and water uptake as a result of higher root system expansion, optimization of protection against biotic and abiotic stresses and enhancement of plant antioxidant status [2,3]
AMF occurrence in the roots of the three aromatic species examined was significantly higher under the mycorrhizal-based formulate application, compared to the untreated control, but the inoculation effectiveness was statistically lowest in Lavandula angustifolia
In the latter crop the beneficial microorganisms did not lead to yield and plant biomass increase, contrary to what was recorded in Artemisia dracunculus and Hyssopus officinalis (Table 1)
Summary
Among the modern environmentally friendly technologies for plant production, the utilization of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) is one of the most promising, especially in organic management [1]. The latter approach results in the improvement of plant and water uptake as a result of higher root system expansion, optimization of protection against biotic and abiotic stresses and enhancement of plant antioxidant status [2,3]. Plant biomass and essential oil content, as well as glomalin-related soil proteins were recorded in AMF-inoculated Pelargonium graveolens [6]. AMF application promoted essential oil synthesis in thyme, sage, oregano [7], basil [8,9], Artemisia annua [10] and menthol mint [11]
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