YIELD AND QUALITY OF POTATO VARIETIES DEPENDS ON GROWING TECHNOLOGICAL METHODS

Abstract

The article presents the results of research on the assessment of the yield and quality of potato tubers depending on the technological methods of growing seed potatoes. It was established that the yield level of potato varieties depends, first of all, on varietal characteristics, fraction of planting material, methods and doses of applied fertilizers. The highest yields of the Granada variety due to its biological characteristics were noted in the variant of the experiment, where local application of mineral fertilizers in the dose of N45Р45К45 was carried out against the background of the action of half-rotted manure applied under the predecessor. At the same time, productivity increased depending on the fraction of planting material from 38.3 to 41.1 t/ha. This is higher than the control option by 13.0-13.4 t/ha and 1.5 t/ha more compared to the yield obtained with the same method and dose of fertilizer, but with a fraction of planting tubers by the largest transverse diameter of 28 -60 mm. However, the consumption of planting material between the best two variants in the experiment on the Granada potato variety was 1.85 t/ha. A similar pattern was obtained in the early-ripening potato variety Laperla and mid-ripening Memphis. With the intensification of the technological methods of growing potatoes, where mineral fertilizers were applied in the doses of N30Р30К30, N45Р45К45 - locally and N60Р60К60 - scattered against the background of the after-effect of half-rotted manure and phosphoruspotassium fertilizer, a decrease in the content of starch and dry matter was noted in Memphis, Granada and Laperla potato varieties.The highest yield of starch – 5.46 t/ha was obtained in the variant of the experiment, where local application of mineral fertilizers in a dose of N45Р45К45 was carried out in the Granada variety due to the higher genetic potential of this variety in terms of productivity compared to other varieties. The yield of starch in the Laperla variety is 4.22 t/ha, and in the Memphis variety it is 5.39 t/ha. This is higher than 1.84 t/ha on the control variant in the Granada variety and 1.53 and 2.07 t/ha in the Laperla and Memphis varieties. On the same variant, the highest yield of dry matter was obtained in the Granada variety - 8.18 t/ha, the lower yield of dry matter was provided by the Memphis variety - 7.63 t/ha. The lowest yield of dry matter was noted in the Laperla variety - 6.24 t/ha.