Abstract
Core Ideas Different irrigation levels affected the yield and quality components of soybean. Deficit irrigation decreased soybean protein content. Water deficit treatments caused an increase in the oil content in soybean. Soybean can be irrigated to 75% of Class A pan evaporation in semiarid conditions with limited water resources. This study was conducted to determine the effects of deficit irrigation levels on the yield and quality of soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.]. Five different irrigation applications designated as full irrigation (I100) with no water stress and slight (I75), mild (I50), severe water stress (I25) and no irrigation (I0) treatments based on the amount of evaporation measured by a Class A pan. The results showed that irrigation levels applied has statistically significant effect on yield and yield components. Water deficit stress significantly (P < 0.01) increased oil content while it decreased protein content. The highest water use obtained in I100 treatment, while the lowest was found in I0 treatment in both years. The maximum yield was obtained from under I100, I75, I50, I25 and I0 treatments as much as 4.01, 3.95, 3.57, 2.83 and 1.92 t ha−1 in 2014 and 4.11, 3.60, 3.24, 2.61 and 1.81 t ha−1 in 2015, respectively. Compared with I100, the 2‐yr average yield reduction for I0, I25, I50, and I75 were 54, 32, 17, and 8%, respectively. The water use efficiency varied from 5.2 to 8.7 kg ha−1 mm−1 in the first year and from 5.6 to 8.3 kg ha−1 mm−1 in the second year, respectively. Based on the results of this study, soybean can be irrigated as much as 100% of Class A pan evaporation in regions with no water scarcity. Under deficit irrigation conditions, as an option, soybean can be irrigated as much as 75% of pan evaporation under Western Mediterranean conditions of Turkey.
Published Version
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