Abstract
Background The testicular microcirculation was an important aspect of testicular physiology and it offered a stable environment for the transport of nutrients and secretary products in the testis. Yangjing capsule (YC), a traditional Chinese compound herbal prescription, has been proved as an effective drug to ameliorate spermatogenesis, promote testosterone synthesis in vivo, and cure spermatogenesis in clinical practice. Objective This study was aimed at understanding the potential mechanisms of YC exerting angiogenic effects in the mouse spermatogenesis dysfunction model induced by cyclophosphamide (CP) and MLTC-1 cells. Materials and Methods Balb/c mice were randomly divided into five groups: control, CP, CP plus YC (630 mg/kg), CP plus YC (1260 mg/kg), and CP plus YC (2520 mg/kg). After 30 days, mice were sacrificed and the expressions of endothelial marker CD34+, angiogenic marker VEGFA, VEGFR1, VEGFR2, and eNOS in the testes of the mice were examined; moreover, Leydig cell line MLTC-1 cells were cultured and treated with different concentrations of YC extracts (YCE), and the expressions of VEGFA, VEGFR1, VEGFR2, and eNOS, as well as the secretion of NO, were evaluated. Results We observed that YC significantly increased the expressions of VEGFA, VEGFR1, VEGFR2, and eNOS in testes of CP-treated mice; moreover, YCE has led to increased expressions of VEGFA, VEGFR1, VEGFR2, and eNOS and secretion of NO in MLTC-1 in vitro. These data suggested that the YC might be an alternative treatment for the dysfunction of testicular microcirculation by promoting the angiogenesis in the testis.
Highlights
Baofang Jin,1 Dalin Sun,1 Weihang Dong,2 Bing Chen,3 Weimin Deng,1 Bin Cai,1 Yugui Cui,4 Yihan Jin,2 Jianguo Liu,5 Li Tong,2 and Ping Wu2
We observed that Yangjing capsule (YC) significantly increased the expressions of vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGFA), VEGFR1, VEGFR2, and endothelial NOS (eNOS) in testes of CP-treated mice; YC extracts (YCE) has led to increased expressions of VEGFA, VEGFR1, VEGFR2, and eNOS and secretion of Nitric oxide (NO) in MLTC-1 in vitro. ese data suggested that the YC might be an alternative treatment for the dysfunction of testicular microcirculation by promoting the angiogenesis in the testis
We previously reported that YC can increase the secretion of testosterone in MLTC-1 cells and may be a potential an alternative method for the treatment of insufficient testosterone relate diseases [13, 14]; YCE has been shown to activate the PI3K pathway and induced the self-renewal of the GC-1 spg cells [17, 18]; in a very recent study, we observed that YC can inhibit the apoptosis of the MLTC-1 cells and via promoting the expression of Steroidogenesis acute regulatory protein (StAR) [16]
Summary
Baofang Jin ,1 Dalin Sun, Weihang Dong, Bing Chen, Weimin Deng, Bin Cai, Yugui Cui ,4 Yihan Jin, Jianguo Liu ,5 Li Tong, and Ping Wu2. E testicular microcirculation was an important aspect of testicular physiology and it offered a stable environment for the transport of nutrients and secretary products in the testis. Introduction e testicular microcirculation was an important aspect of testicular physiology It offered stable environment for transport of nutrients and secretary products in the testis [1, 2]. E vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is a wellknown angiogenic factor [5]. It was regarded as important candidates for the regulation of physiological and pathophysiological angiogenesis [6]. It had been shown that a member of the VEGF family, vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGFA) was a powerful mitogen for human dermal microvascular endothelial cells that expressed both VEGFR1 and VEGFR2 in vitro [9]. More and more research studies had proved the important role of VEGFA in microcirculation [11, 12]
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