Abstract
X-ray standing waves (SW) formed by dynamical diffraction are discussed analytically in the case of distorted crystals, in which the lattice has a monotonous elongation (or contraction) normal to the crystal surface. Both the external and the internal SWs are dealt with. Also, for the purpose of applications to standing-wave methods, the fluorescence yields of adsorbed atoms and impurities in the host crystal are formulated as a function of the off-Bragg angle of the incident beam. Through some numerical examples for special distortions, it is demonstrated that the conventional analysis based on the assumption of a perfect crystal may give serious errors (10–20%) on the location of foreign atoms, even when the deformation is so small that it is hardly detected by the rocking curve of the Bragg reflection.
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