Abstract
A dark and lead to silver grey soft irregular-shaped with heavy weight stone has been analysed as a part of research work for determining the components of the stone thereby leading to identify curiously to pinpoint whether the stone is in a category of gemstone, radioactive elements, raw or ingredients for making a powerful bomb or otherwise. In addition to the physical and optical parameters measured such as specific gravity, hardness, luster, transparency, cleavage, streak and other associated minerals for identification of unknown stone, Powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD) is one of the primary techniques in identification of minerals to examine the physico-chemical make-up of unknown materials, and has also been employed using Philips, DY993 X-ray Powder Diffractometer. The diffraction spectrum has been measured with the proportional counter in the 2° to 100° range at room temperature 300 K. This study reveals that the stone is not a category of precious stone; instead it is a category of mineral deposition, PbS, Galena.
Highlights
In addition to the physical and optical parameters measured such as specific gravity, hardness, luster, transparency, cleavage, streak and other associated minerals for identification of unknown stone, Powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD) is one of the primary techniques in identification of minerals to examine the physico-chemical make-up of unknown materials, and has been employed using Philips, DY993 X-ray Powder Diffractometer
This study reveals that the stone is not a category of precious stone; instead it is a category of mineral deposition, PbS, Galena
Very small changes in the X-ray powder diffraction pattern may appear as a new peak(s) or shoulders or shifts in the peak position due to impurity of the solid sample or some other well-defined crystalline material adhered with the very high percentage of the solid sample can imply the presence of a new form of crystal components [3] [4]
Summary
Powder X-ray Diffraction (PXRD) is a decisive tool in identifying polycrystalline materials by their unique diffraction patterns and is one of the best common analytical methods for nondestructive technique which provides information on structures, phases, texture, and other structural parameters of grain size, crystal-. High-resolution PXRD patterns provide good data to determine the phase composition of crystalline samples, yet morphology and particle shape/size can induce severe preferential orientation that can degrade the utility of XRD powder data. The morphology of a stone can even induce to adopt the X-ray diffraction technique in identification of unknown solid samples [2]. X-ray diffraction is the principle method of characterization and its simplicity and advantages of the powder diffraction technique can help to identify the unknown material after comparing with the diffraction spectrum of the specimen material provided by the Joint Committee for Powder Diffraction File (JCPDF) [5] inbuilt in the software and licensed
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