Abstract
X-ray luminescence computed tomography (XLCT) has become a promising imaging technology for biological application based on phosphor nanoparticles. There are mainly three kinds of XLCT imaging systems: pencil beam XLCT, narrow beam XLCT and cone beam XLCT. Narrow beam XLCT can be regarded as a balance between the pencil beam mode and the cone-beam mode in terms of imaging efficiency and image quality. The collimated X-ray beams are assumed to be parallel ones in the traditional narrow beam XLCT. However, we observe that the cone beam X-rays are collimated into X-ray beams with fan-shaped broadening instead of parallel ones in our prototype narrow beam XLCT. Hence we incorporate the distribution of the X-ray beams in the physical model and collected the optical data from only two perpendicular directions to further speed up the scanning time. Meanwhile we propose a depth related adaptive regularized split Bregman (DARSB) method in reconstruction. The simulation experiments show that the proposed physical model and method can achieve better results in the location error, dice coefficient, mean square error and the intensity error than the traditional split Bregman method and validate the feasibility of method. The phantom experiment can obtain the location error less than 1.1 mm and validate that the incorporation of fan-shaped X-ray beams in our model can achieve better results than the parallel X-rays.
Highlights
Since the 1970s, the rare earth phosphors, especially the oxysulfide phosphors, due to its advantages such as high luminescence efficiency and innocuity, etc., have caused great attention as the host materials of X-ray phosphors [1]
In order to recover the distribution of the nanophosphors within such limited information, we proposed a depth related adaptive regularized split Bregman (DARSB) method to overcome the ill-posedness of our reconstruction problem
In order to value our reconstruction results more clearly and further explain the validity of our proposed method, we propose two benchmarks that are regularly applied in optical imaging
Summary
Since the 1970s, the rare earth phosphors, especially the oxysulfide phosphors, due to its advantages such as high luminescence efficiency and innocuity, etc., have caused great attention as the host materials of X-ray phosphors [1]. While radioluminescence of phosphor material has long been used in radiation detectors, the use of nanophosphors in biological contexts is just beginning to be explored [2]. Among these applications, X-ray luminescence computed tomography (XLCT) is one of the newly-developed and most attractive imaging modality, which has been demonstrated by in vitro imaging of nanoparticles in tissue phantoms for oxysulfides (Gd2O2S: Eu) [3]. Researchers have synthesized potentially less toxic particles recently [5, 6] This can overcome the limitation of phosphor nanoparticle synthesis of XLCT molecular probes and further promote its future application
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