Abstract
Xanthoceras sorbifolium Bunge (Sapindaceae) is a native Chinese plant with promising applications as a biofuel feedstock and a source of novel drugs. Historical records and documents from different periods have mentioned the use of X. sorbifolium and its botanical constituents in treating diseases, highlighting its central role in Chinese and Mongolian traditional medicinal therapies. Phytochemical research has focused on the husks, leaves, trunks, and branches of this herb. A total of 278 chemical compounds have been isolated and divided into 8 categories: triterpenoids, flavonoids, phenylpropanoids, steroids, phenols, fatty acids, alkaloids, and quinones. Modern pharmacological studies on X. sorbifolium have demonstrated positive effects on learning and memory, as well as anti-inflammatory, anti-tumor, and anti-oxidative properties. This review provides a comprehensive analysis of the available research on X. sorbifolium, focusing on the relationship between chemical constituents, traditional uses, and pharmacological effects. We also assess the potential for therapeutic and other applications of this plant in support of further research and development of X. sorbifolium.
Highlights
Xanthoceras sorbifolium, belonging to the family Sapindaceae and genus Xanthoceras, is a monotypic species widely distributed throughout China
X. sorbifolium was reviewed with regard to botany, phytochemistry, pharmacological activity, structure-activity relationship, and applications
Modern pharmacology has gradually verified the traditional efficacy of X. sorbifolium and explored its role in treating Alzheimer’s disease (AD), rheumatism, vasculitis, scabies, and other diseases
Summary
Xanthoceras sorbifolium, belonging to the family Sapindaceae and genus Xanthoceras, is a monotypic species widely distributed throughout China. The flower and calyx contain baicalin, which has antipyretic, sleep-inducing, anti-spasmodic, and anti-tumor effects Their seeds can be used to prevent and cure arterial sclerosis (Wan et al, 2013). Xanthoceraside is a triterpenoid saponin extracted from the husks of X. sorbifolium It has many biological activities, such as improving learning and memory, and has anti-cancer and antiinflammatory properties. The husks of X. sorbifolium (which are considered by-products) can be used to produce chemical materials, such as activated carbon, furfural, xylitol, and alcohol (Yi et al, 2011) This herb is an excellent windbreak and a pioneer sand fixation species that is resistant to drought, wind, and sand. Extensive X. sorbifolium plantations have been established in northern China to combat desertification Other properties of this plant include cold tolerance, soil resistance, and high seed oil content. This comprehensive review aims to provide a reference for future research, development, and utilization of X. sorbifolium
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