Abstract
Abstract Oxygen states have been studied in La2CuO4, La1.8Sr0.2CuO4-δ′ YBa2Cu3O7-δ′ EuBa2Cu3O7-δ′ T12Ba2CaCu2O8+Δ′, T12Ba2Ca2Cu3O10+Δ′ Bi2CaCu2O8+Δ′ Bi4Sr3 Ca3 Cu4O16+Δ,. by means of X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and compared with those in oxides of the metals. It was found that the oxygen ions in the ceramics exist in several chemically nonequivalent states in which Ols electron binding energies differ within 1 eV. Binding energies Eb(Ols) for oxygen ions within Sr-O or Ba-O layers are higher a little than those in the oxides SrO or BaO respectively; Eb (Ols) for oxygen ions within La-O or T1-O or Bi-O layers are of approximately the same as those in the oxides La2O3 or T12O3 or Bij2O3 respectively; Eb(Ols) for oxygen nearby copper ions are lower than that in the oxide CuO. It was assumed that weighted average O2p level position for oxygens nearby copper was shifted to the lower binding energy side in the ceramics relative to the oxide CuO.
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