Abstract
Duplex stainless steel is an example of composite material with approximately equal amounts of austenite and ferrite phases. Difference of physical and mechanical properties of component is additional factor that contributes appearance of residual stresses after welding of duplex steel plates. Measurements of stress distributions in weld region were made by X-ray diffraction method both in ferrite and austenite phases. Duplex Steel plates were joined by GTAW (Gas Tungsten Arc Welding) technology. There were studied longitudinal and transverse stress components in welded butt joint, in heat affected zone (HAZ) and in points of base metal 10 mm from the weld. Residual stresses measured in duplex steel plates jointed by welding are caused by temperature gradients between weld zone and base metal and by difference of thermal expansion coefficients of ferrite and austenite phases. Proposed analytical model allows evaluating of residual stress distribution over the cross section in the weld region.
Highlights
Welding is generally the simplest, fastest, and most cost-effective technological process widely used in various industries and engineering fields such as shipbuilding, pipeline construction, offshore oil, gas production and others
Plates for welding were prepared from duplex stainless steel grade 2205 of Sandmeyer Steel Co
Joint of two duplex steel plates was made by GTAW (Gas Tungsten Arc Welding) technology
Summary
Welding is generally the simplest, fastest, and most cost-effective technological process widely used in various industries and engineering fields such as shipbuilding, pipeline construction, offshore oil, gas production and others. Different physical metallurgical processes that occur during welding induce appearance of significant residual stresses that may have considerable influence on service behavior of welded structures and components, to cause even failures of welded joints. Origin and sources of residual stresses after welding were studied in[1,2,3]. In the case of welding of materials with heterogeneous microstructure, like biphasic duplex stainless steel (DSS), the residual stress state formation depends on difference between physical mechanical properties of components of heterogeneous material[4,5,6]. There are many methods of residual stress measurements but one of the important is the X-ray diffraction method that permits to carry out detail analysis of residual stress state in weld region. X-ray tensometry applied to study of duplex stainless steels allows measuring of stresses both in ferrite and austenite phases. There are numerous examples of stress measurements by X-ray diffraction method, but sometimes they contain contradictory results
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