Wyznaczanie dynamicznego ciśnienia formacji w strefie odwiertu

Abstract

The article shows that the pressure drop in the near-wellbore zone decreases with increasing time that the well is left uncased due to the filtration of the drilling fluid filtrate into the formation. Under certain conditions, this does not pose a risk of drill string sticking. From the perspective of establishing the nature of changes in dynamic reservoir pressure behind the mud cake, the experimental studies by Johnson and Klotz (Stepanov, 1999), which determine the amount of filtrate entering the reservoir under both static and dynamic conditions, are particularly interesting. It should be noted that establishing the amount of filtrate experimentally takes into account in advance the nonlinearity of fluid movement along the borehole wall and through formation rocks. Reservoir pressure will increase to the depth of penetration of the drilling fluid filtrate, so the value of Rk is taken equal to the radius of a certain contour with formation pressure. The article shows that the dynamic reservoir pressure behind the mud cake initially rises intensively over time, and then, after a certain point, remains almost constant; the filtrate from the drilling fluid entering the formation partially displaces the reservoir fluid and fills the resulting pore space. During dynamic filtration, an intensive increase in pressure behind the mud cake occurs within 20–30 hours and depends little on the absolute values of fluid loss from the washing liquid, the thickness of the mud cake, and the initial pressure drop. Experience in drilling deep wells shows that sticking of the lower part of the drill string primarily occurs when opening productive horizons with low permeability (0.06–2) · 10–15 m2. Consequently, the ratio of the permeability of the rock of deep-lying productive horizons to that of the mud cake is approximately more than 1,000. Therefore, when opening productive horizons, pressure equalization practically does not occur, and leaving the drill string against these rock formations without movement for 15–20 minutes leads to its sticking due to the pressure difference.