Abstract
The April Constitution of Poland passed on 23 April 1935 limited the powers of the Sejm and Senate while strengthening the authority of the President of Poland. Thereby it was necessary to introduce new rules to electoral law consistent with the new Constitution. The Electoral Law in relation to Elections to the Sejm and the Senate of 8 July 1935 conducted many new regulations. The elections to the Sejm took place in 104 districts, each with 2 seats in the Sejm. Candidates for elections were entitled to stand for election by the Districts Assemblies, not by the political parties. The elections to Senate were indirect, 64 senators were elected by Voivodeships Assemblies, and 32 received seat from the President of Poland. Suffrage in these elections had only the citizens with higher education or with merits for country, or with the citizens’ confidence, at least 30-year-old. In this way the Sanacja party wanted to achieve domination in the Sejm and Senate and to remove opposition parties from the Parliament. These plans were accomplished, although the elections were boycotted by a significant part of citizens. The criticism of Electoral Law of 1935 was widespread, also the Sanacja’s politicians knew about disadvantages of this Law, however there were no changes in the election system in Poland until the beginning of World War II.
Highlights
These plans were accomplished, the elections were boycotted by a signiicant part of citizens
The April Constitution of Poland passed on 23 April 1935 limited the powers of the Sejm and
Candidates for elections were entitled to stand for election by the Districts Assemblies, not by the political parties
Summary
K M ca 1921 r.1 była w dużej mierze wynikiem kompromisu pomiędzy postulatami głównych sił ówczesnej sceny politycznej. Konstytucja, zwana powszechnie kwietniową, została opublikowana w Dzienniku Ustaw RP w dniu 24 kwietnia 1935 r.3 i z tym też dniem weszła w życie.[4]. Jedną z ważniejszych była zmiana pozycji Sejmu i Senatu w systemie organów państwa, a także nowe określenie sposobu wyboru posłów i senatorów.[5] Kwestia wyborów. Marek Woźnicki do Sejmu i Senatu została uregulowana w Konstytucji kwietniowej dość ogólnikowo, jej twórcy poświęcili bowiem temu zagadnieniu trzy artykuły ustawy zasadniczej – art. 32, regulujący kadencję Sejmu oraz zasady i przebieg wyborów do tej izby, art. 47, normujący sposób wyborów senatorów i kadencję Senatu. Że jedno z ważniejszych zagadnień, jakim bez wątpienia jest określenie liczby posłów i senatorów, również zostało pozostawione do uregulowania w ordynacjach.[6]
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