Abstract

This paper addresses the limits of public intervention in the selection of candidates by political parties. The issue is analyzed from the comparative perspective, although some documents of soft law adopted by the Venice Commission, OSCE, and ODIHR have also been taken into account. The study concludes that the legislation on political parties has increased in the last decade. However, the main constraints imposed on political parties do not come from specific legislation on political parties but from electoral laws. In some cases, the electoral laws impose a method of decision making on the nomination process since these laws require political parties compliance with the basic rules of the democratic principle. In other cases, the laws do not impose a method but a result, as in the case of case of the laws which impose quotas in favor of women. In any case, such measures should meet certain conditions to be effective. Firstly, the limits must respect the freedom of association proclaimed by international treaties and ensured by the ECHR; secondly, the requirements must be compatible with the electoral system; finally, any exigency on candidate selection must be guaranteed by monitoring systems and by sanctions for non-compliance.El presente trabajo aborda la posible densidad de la intervención pública a la hora de imponer a los partidos políticos procedimientos para la selección de candidatos. La óptica con la que se analiza el problema es, fundamentalmente, el derecho comparado, si bien se han utilizado también textos de «soft law»elaborados por la Comisión de Venecia, OSCE y ODHIR. En el mismo se concluye que, aunque la legislación sobre partidos políticos se ha incrementado en los últimos años, las mayores limitaciones impuestas a los partidos políticos no provienen de esta normativa específica sino de las leyes electorales. Dichas exigencias tienen una doble vertiente. En algunas ocasiones, se regula el método para la elección de candidatos, imponiendo a los partidos los requisitos inherentes a la toma de decisiones democráticas. En otras, se impone a los partidos un resultado, esto es, la presencia de candidatos de distinto sexo en las listas electorales. Cualquiera de estas medidas, para ser legítimas, tienen que respetar la libertad que corresponde a los partidos en cuanto asociaciones. Además, han de adaptarse al resto del sistema electoral y, especialmente, prever sistemas para verificar el cumplimiento de los requisitos impuestos por la ley.

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