WSEE Maximization of mmWave NOMA Systems

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We maximize the weighted sum energy efficiency (WSEE) of millimeter-wave hybrid massive multiple-input multiple-output systems, employing non-orthogonal multiple access. The WSEE is a non-convex metric, and we maximize it by approximating it either as a generalized convex program (GCP) or as a second-order conic program, which requires lesser computation time than the GCP. We further reduce the computation time by proposing a low-complexity iterative algorithm that yields a Karush–Kuhn–Tucker point of the WSEE maximization problem. We show that the proposed algorithms yield equal WSEE and outperform two other baseline schemes.