Abstract

Focused electron beam induced deposition (FEBID) is a direct-write nanofabrication technique able to pattern three-dimensional magnetic nanostructures at resolutions comparable to the characteristic magnetic length scales. FEBID is thus a powerful tool for 3D nanomagnetism which enables unique fundamental studies involving complex 3D geometries, as well as nano-prototyping and specialized applications compatible with low throughputs. In this focused review, we discuss recent developments of this technique for applications in 3D nanomagnetism, namely the substantial progress on FEBID computational methods, and new routes followed to tune the magnetic properties of ferromagnetic FEBID materials. We also review a selection of recent works involving FEBID 3D nanostructures in areas such as scanning probe microscopy sensing, magnetic frustration phenomena, curvilinear magnetism, magnonics and fluxonics, offering a wide perspective of the important role FEBID is likely to have in the coming years in the study of new phenomena involving 3D magnetic nanostructures.

Highlights

  • Controlling the composition, structure and shape of materials at the nanoscale has become one of the forefronts of modern science, opening new opportunities in virtually all areas of technology.In nanomagnetism, accessing these length scales via 2D patterning and engineering of interfaces has proven to be key for the uncovering of a plethora of fascinating effects including the GiantMagnetoresistance [1], Spin-Transfer and Spin-Orbit Torques and domain wall and skyrmion devices [2,3,4], just to name a few

  • We focus on focused electron beam induced deposition (FEBID), an additive

  • We focus on focused electron beam induced deposition (FEBID), an additive manufacturing technique that is quickly developing into a versatile tool to grow 3D nanomagnets and manufacturing technique that is quickly developing into a versatile tool to grow 3D nanomagnets control their geometry with resolutions down to a few tens of nanometres [15], see Figure 1

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Summary

Introduction

Controlling the composition, structure and shape of materials at the nanoscale has become one of the forefronts of modern science, opening new opportunities in virtually all areas of technology In nanomagnetism, accessing these length scales via 2D patterning and engineering of interfaces has proven to be key for the uncovering of a plethora of fascinating effects including the Giant. We focus on focused electron beam induced deposition (FEBID), an additive. We focus on focused electron beam induced deposition (FEBID), an additive manufacturing technique that is quickly developing into a versatile tool to grow 3D nanomagnets and manufacturing technique that is quickly developing into a versatile tool to grow 3D nanomagnets control their geometry with resolutions down to a few tens of nanometres [15], see Figure 1. We describe some of the most important recent advances in the growth, characterization and and application of magnetic nanostructures fabricated by FEBID for 3D nanomagnetism.

Writing Nanomagnets Using FEBID
Result of
Ferromagnetic 3D Nanostructured FEBID Materials
Tuning of Cobalt and Iron FEBID Materials by Post-Growth Annealing
Scanning transmission characterization
Ferromagnetic
Fabrication and characterization
FEBID Nanostructures for 3D
Scanningcomparable
Scanning Probe Microscopy Magnetic Sensing
Magnetic Nanowires and Nanowire Networks
Superconducting Spintronics and Fluxonics
Magnonics
Findings
Conclusions and Perspectives
Full Text
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