Abstract
The uncertainty of parameters observed indirectly by means of a measurement and computation system with a parallel-serial structure is discussed. Two such parameters with values obtained from the results of direct measurements and subjected to multiplication or division operations were considered. If, as a result of external influences, a random additive error appears in the common path of the measuring system, it shifts the characteristics of this path by an unknown value, but permissible in a given range. As a result of this shift, the output signals of both measured quantities become stochastic dependent. We called this relationship the instrumental covariance. It was determined how it influences the uncertainty of the indirectly observed two parameters depending on the ratio of the directly measured variables and on the related their function on the examples of the product and the quotient. The indirect observation of power and resistance from direct current and voltage measurements was considered. The analysis of the influence of the ratio of the values of both measured values on an additional uncertainty component of the observed parameters, depending on the instrumental covariance, was performed. The modified structure of the system with a reduced influence of instrumental covariance for the case of multiplication of directly measured signals is given.
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