Abstract
Objective To establish the wound management property of a hydroethanolic Cnestis ferruginea leaf extract (CFHE). Materials and Methods The wound area was measured after excision at the dorsal part of the Albino rats, and after treatment with 5–15% w/w CFHE ointments for 14 days. Absorbances of platelet-rich plasma treated with 0.8–100 mg/mL CFHE and an aggregating agent were spectrophotometrically determined in an in vitro platelet aggregation test. Wound tissue histopathology of CFHE ointment-treated animals revealed angiogenesis, reepithelialization, deposition of collagen, and granular tissue formation in wound tissues. Reduction in thigh oedema and pain threshold, in 7-day-old chicks, were assessed by carrageenan-induced oedema and Randall-Sellito pressure models, respectively. By the Agar diffusion method, bacterial growth inhibition by a 15% w/w CFHE ointment was investigated on Salmonella typhi, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus. Aureus, and Streptococcus pyogenes. Results All concentrations of CFHE ointment significantly reduced (p < 0.0001) wound area by 29–41% posttreatment. CFHE (1.6–100 mg/ml) promoted platelet aggregation (p ≤ 0.0001) by 37–67% (IC50: 3.1–6.2 mg/ml). There were improved wound tissue reepithelization, fibroblast proliferation, angiogenesis, and collagen deposition with 15% CFHE ointment treatment. CFHE ointment significantly (p ≤ 0.0001) and dose-dependently reduced thigh oedema and showed a significant (p ≤ 0.05) analgesic effect. In vitro, 15% CFHE ointment caused >100% growth inhibition of selected bacteria. Conclusion The hydroethanolic leaf extract of Cnestis ferruginea possesses wound healing, platelet aggregation, anti-inflammatory, analgesic, and antimicrobial properties and, hence, could be effective in the management of open and some closed wounds.
Highlights
A wound is the discontinuity of the skin’s epithelium because of an injury to the skin or its underlying tissues [1]
All concentrations of Cnestis ferruginea hydroethanolic leaf extract (CFHE) ointment significantly (p ≤ 0.0001) reduced wound area from days 3 to 14 posttreatment compared to the simple ointment British Pharmacopoeia (BP) treated wounds. e effects observed were similar to those caused by Silverzine treatment (Figure 1)
Discussion e aerial parts of Cnestis ferruginea are locally used in Ghana for treating various inflammatory conditions [25], so for wound management, a topical preparation from the leaves of this plant was assessed for its wound-healing, platelet aggregation, and anti-inflammatory and analgesic, as well as antibacterial, effects
Summary
A wound is the discontinuity of the skin’s epithelium because of an injury to the skin or its underlying tissues [1]. It may occur because of physical, chemical, thermal, microbial, or immunological attack on the tissue [2]. E prevalence of chronic wounds has been estimated to be between 0.18% and 1.3% in the aged population across the globe, and its treatment and/or management are estimated to cost more than $1 billion per year [4]. Wound management involves taking care of the complex physiological and dynamic process of wound healing, i.e., hemostasis phase, the inflammatory phase, the proliferation phase, and the remodeling phase [10], and the relief of pain and the prevention of infections, as these hasten the healing process
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