WORLDVIEW FOUNDATIONS OF PALEOASTRONOMY OF EUROPEAN NEOLITHIC AND BRONZE AGE CULTURE

Abstract

In the article the considered problem of world view principles of culture of the European neolith and bronze age. Described and analyses material artefacts that touch paleoastronomy, id est constrained to those or by another character with astronomic supervisions, or somehow represented the objects of supervision and aim, what it was done for. The analysis of all artefacts specifies on that the basic object of supervision was a Sun and special points him annual motion: vernal and autumn equinox, winter and summer solstice. Taking into account the features of climate in Europe, namely large seasonal vibrations, large difference of winter from a summer and impossibility during a winter to engage in growing of plants, and all of it is related to position of a Sun on sky, in the article a hypothesis is pulled out that the world view of representatives of this culture, that functioned within the framework of religion, carried cosmocentric character there was a Sun in the center of that, and Echo executed the auxiliary functions of account of motion are certain Sun. Taking into account common property of the first, and further religions that gave it a shoot to decide the problem of human death and immortality, and leaning on the considered artefacts, it is possible with the high fate of authenticity to talk that cult a Sun was not carried by anthropomorphous character, id est a Sun not personified in a man. The representatives of this culture worshiped to a Sun as natural phenomenon in a that kind, in that they perceived him sense-organs directly. It is related to that forces of nature, unlike cultures, that were more south, were more mighty, what forces of organization of human society. In more south cultures organization of society influenced on growing of plants and organizational capabilities acquired sacral maintenance in the persons of Gods and heroes. The end of this culture, for certain, is bound by a crisis and death of the world system of bronze age, where this culture was integrated.