Abstract

ABSTRACT In 2019, India passed the Citizenship (Amendment) Act (CAA), providing Indian citizenship to immigrants, with the exception of Muslims, from the neighboring countries of Pakistan, Afghanistan, and Bangladesh. In this viewpoint essay, I examine the CAA and the protests that it has generated, with particular attention to intersecting dynamics of gender, religion and citizenship. Muslim women have protested the CAA with assertions of their identity as Indians and Muslims; they have deployed the tropes and symbols of a secular, non-majoritarian and democratic India, and the values that are enshrined in the Constitution. Other constituencies, united in their resistance to exclusionary laws and rhetoric, have also supported the CAA protest movement. My conversations from the field show the particular vulnerabilities of women to a state bureaucracy that expects citizens to produce official identity documents without regard to complex histories of displacement and gender inequality.

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