Abstract
Manipur is a state situated in North-Eastern corner of India. Two-thirds of the population comprise the Meiteis, majority ethnic community in Manipur. Meitei women are renowned for their unique role and status in history. Women in Manipur are particularly noted for their active economic participation and are renowned for their collective empowerment and strong force as depicted in the two Nupilans (women’s wars, or uprisings) against the British when the state was under colonial rule. They are also renowned for their activism against liquor consumption as Nisha Bandhis which later evolved into their powerful role as Meira Paibis(Women torch bearers), a collective of women that are actively involved in civil society movements for justice and human rights. The study seeks to find out whether this legacy of women’s collective strength has translated into greater decision-making power at home and in political representation. The paper uses secondary data to depict the myriad roles that women play in Manipur society, contradictory at times, visible on one hand in high economic participation, powerful as a collective in their role as Meira Paibis, and yet individually still constrained by patriarchy and not prominent when it comes to real decision-making power. It argues that a movement towards tangible actual empowerment is a must.
Highlights
This thesis seeks to answer the question of how women in the United States Senate work to represent the needs of female citizens
Most citizens subscribe to the theory of critical mass, which states that as a group grows in size, their power and influence will grow
Women are strongly underrepresented in our government, but I question the best way for women in politics to bring about change
Summary
In the 111th Senate, which took place in 2009 and 2010, there were 17 women: four Republicans and thirteen Democrats. It appears that women deviated from their party to support the health of children These four women were the only Republicans to vote for the Lilly Ledbetter Fair Pay Act. The Lilly Ledbetter law was the only piece of women’s issue legislation introduced by a women that went to a roll call vote in this session. In this Senate there were two women, Democrat Barbara Mikulski (D-MD) and Republican Nancy Kassebaum (R-KS) For this session I reviewed three bills relating to education and violence but there were no roll call bills in this session that focused directly on women’s rights (Table 5A). Both women in the Senate voted yes, neither significantly deviating from their parties In addition to those bills, there were two relevant bills that did no go through roll call vote, the Childhood Nutrition Assistance Act This correlation does not necessarily mean that the increase of women caused the change in legislation, but this Senate’s actions suggest that a having greater number of women Senators does make a difference
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