Abstract
Primary thyroid lymphoma (PTL) is a rare malignant thyroid tumor; its pathogenesis is closely related to chronic lymphocytic thyroiditis. The different pathological subtypes and stages of PTL have distinct clinical characteristics and prognosis, but the specific reasons are not clear. Wnt5a is a representative protein of non-canonical Wnt signaling. It plays an important role in many different types of tumors. This study is to explore the changes of Wnt5a and its receptor Ror2 in PTL development process and the clinical significance of their represent. We collected 22 PTL patient tumor specimens and clinical data. We observed the expression of Wnt5a and Ror2 in PTL tumor tissues by immunohistochemistry. Wnt5a was expressed positively in 12 (54.5 %) cases, and Ror2 was expressed positively in 18 (81.8 %) cases. The expression of Wnt5a had a significant difference in different pathological subtypes of PTL (P < 0.05). Wnt5a and Ror2 expression were associated with local invasion and clinical stage, respectively (P < 0.05), and had no significant correlation with age, gender, and tumor size. Although, no significant difference in overall survival was found between positive and negative groups of Wnt5a (P = 0.416) or Ror2 (P = 0.256), respectively. We still consider that Wnt5a and Ror2 play a complex and subtle role in the pathogenesis and progression of PTL and may become potential biomarkers and therapeutic targets of PTL.
Highlights
Primary thyroid lymphoma (PTL) is a rare thyroid malignant tumor, which is defined as a lymphoma involving only the thyroid gland or the thyroid gland and adjacent neck lymph nodes, without contiguous spread or distant metastases from other areas of involvement at diagnosis [1]
The most common histological type of PTL is non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma of B cell origin, diffuse large B cell lymphoma (DLBCL), and mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) lymphoma, as the most common pathological subtype, which is accounted for 70 % [3, 5, 6]
The excisional specimens were detected by immunohistochemistry to confirmed pathological subtypes; 12 cases were DLBCL, 10 cases were MALT. 9 cases were in stage IE, 13 cases were in stage IIE
Summary
Primary thyroid lymphoma (PTL) is a rare thyroid malignant tumor, which is defined as a lymphoma involving only the thyroid gland or the thyroid gland and adjacent (regional) neck lymph nodes, without contiguous spread or distant metastases from other areas of involvement at diagnosis [1]. PTL constitutes 1∼5 % of thyroid malignancies, 1∼2 % of extranodal lymphoma [1, 2]. It is five times more common in women and most often presents between 45 and 80 years of age [3, 4]. The Wnt signaling pathway is a family of extracellular secretory glycoproteins. These proteins play distinct roles in embryonic development and tumorigenesis, including cell proliferation, migration, polarity, and fate decision [11]. The reaction of Wnt5a via the Ror receptor promotes cell migration and invasion, leading to poor prognosis of these types of tumors. We investigated the clinical effect of two potential markers Wnt5a and Ror expression on PTL
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