Abstract
Abstract Determining the origin of opiate and/or opiate metabolites from cold syrups in individual urine specimens is vital for patients, doctors and law enforcement. Ten participants were orally administered cold syrups with three different formulations. The results revealed that people consuming cold syrups containing codeine did not routinely pass urine tests for opiates (cutoff value: 2000 ng mL−1) and did not have a morphine–codeine ratio
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