Withdrawing amantadine in dyskinetic patients with Parkinson disease

Abstract

The AMANDYSK trial was designed to assess long-term efficacy of chronic treatment with amantadine in patients with Parkinson disease (PD) and levodopa-induced dyskinesia (LID). This was a 3-month, multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel-group, wash-out study conducted in 57 amantadine-treated (≥200 mg/d for ≥6 months) dyskinetic patients with PD. The primary outcome measure was the change from baseline in a Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale (UPDRS) dyskinesia subscore (items 32 [duration] + 33 [severity]). Secondary outcomes included other LID measurements ("responders" analysis, premature dropout for LID, Abnormal Involuntary Movement Scale). Exploratory outcomes included time with troublesome dyskinesia as measured by diaries, UPDRS Motor Examination (part III) for motor symptoms of PD, and fatigue and apathy scores for nonmotor symptoms. UPDRS items 32 + 33 deteriorated more in patients switched to placebo ("discontinuing" group) (+1.7 ± 2.0 units; 95% confidence interval 0.9, 2.4) as compared with those maintained on amantadine ("continuing" group) (+0.2 ± 1.5 units; 95% confidence interval -0.4, 0.8; p = 0.003). Secondary outcomes confirmed this difference because there were significantly more responders, more dropouts for LID, greater increase in "ON" time with troublesome dyskinesia, and greater worsening of Abnormal Involuntary Movement Scale score in the discontinuing group. There were no between-group differences in the UPDRS Motor Examination, whereas apathy (as measured by caregivers) and fatigue scores tended to worsen more in patients randomized to placebo. Wash-out of amantadine in dyskinetic patients with PD significantly worsened LID. No significant effect was observed on motor parkinsonian symptoms, while exploratory outcomes suggested that amantadine might improve apathy and fatigue in such patients. This article provides Class II evidence that in patients with PD, withdrawing amantadine significantly aggravates LID in a median time of 7 days.