Abstract
Philosophers often take it for granted that the requirements of rationality are universal, that whatever rationality requires of a subject’s reasoning is exactly what it would require of any other subject’s reasoning. This is plausible for some requirements: we all ought to respect modus ponens in our reasoning, for example. However, this chapter argues that many important cases are not like this. These are cases where the rational status of one’s reasoning depends on whether one has a certain cognitive capacity that one is in a position to exercise. The reasoning of one thinker who has a certain cognitive capacity can be rationally appropriate, while the exact same reasoning would not be rationally appropriate for subjects who lack that capacity. If this is correct then what rationality requires of a thinker depends (in part) on what cognitive capacities she possesses. Certain cognitive powers bring with them certain distinctive rational responsibilities.
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