Abstract
Wind tunnel tests have become one of the most effective ways to evaluate aerodynamics and aeroelasticity in bluff bodies. This paper has firstly overviewed the development of conventional wind tunnel test techniques, including high frequency base balance technique, static synchronous multi-pressure sensing system test technique and aeroelastic test, and summarized their advantages and shortcomings. Subsequently, two advanced test approaches, a forced vibration test technique and hybrid aeroelastic- force balance wind tunnel test technique have been comprehensively reviewed. Then the characteristics and calculation procedure of the conventional and advanced wind tunnel test techniques were discussed and summarized. The results indicated that the conventional wind tunnel test techniques ignored the effect of structural oscillation on the measured aerodynamics as the test model is rigid. A forced vibration test can include that effect. Unfortunately, a test model in a forced vibration test cannot respond like a structure in the real world; it only includes the effect of structural oscillation on the surrounding flow and cannot consider the feedback from the surrounding flow to the oscillation test model. A hybrid aeroelastic-pressure/force balance test technique that can observe unsteady aerodynamics of a test model during its aeroelastic oscillation completely takes the effect of structural oscillation into consideration and is, therefore, effective in evaluation of aerodynamics and aeroelasticity in bluff bodies. This paper has not only advanced our understanding for aerodynamics and aeroelasticity in bluff bodies, but also provided a new perspective for advanced wind tunnel test techniques that can be used for fundamental studies and engineering applications.
Highlights
With the development of society and economy, numerous high-rise structures have been built all over the world
A high frequency base balance (HFBB) technique or a static synchronous multi-pressure sensing system (SMPSS) test technique is often carried out to obtain wind loads acting on a structure
Where Pse (y, y) is unsteady self-excited forces acting on a bluff body; D the height of the test model; φ(z) is the mode shape; y is the response of the model; y is the velocity of the model; p1, p2, p3, p4, p5 and p6 are the aerodynamic coefficients of unsteady self-excited forces
Summary
With the development of society and economy, numerous high-rise structures have been built all over the world. A high frequency base balance (HFBB) technique or a static synchronous multi-pressure sensing system (SMPSS) test technique is often carried out to obtain wind loads acting on a structure. Sensors 2020, 20, 4633 techniques have been widely applied to bluff bodies to evaluate their performance Both the HFBB technique and the SMPSS technique are static measurements, in which wind loads are obtained from rigid test models and the effect of structural vibration (unsteady effect) is, excluded. To overcome the disadvantages in a forced vibration, an aeroelastic wind tunnel test is often performed to evaluate wind-induced vibrations of a structure; and for super-high buildings, such as Burj Khalifa Tower, it is necessary to carry out an aeroelastic test to evaluate its aerodynamics and aeroelasticity. New perspectives for advanced wind tunnel test techniques are summarized
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