Abstract
Abstract. The wind field leaves its fingerprint on the rotor response. This fact can be exploited by using the rotor as a sensor: by looking at the rotor response, in the present case in terms of blade loads, one may infer the wind characteristics. This paper describes a wind state observer that estimates four wind parameters, namely the vertical and horizontal shears and the yaw and upflow misalignment angles, from out-of-plane and in-plane blade bending moments. The resulting observer provides on-rotor wind inflow characteristics that can be exploited for wind turbine and wind farm control. The proposed formulation is evaluated through extensive numerical simulations in turbulent and nonturbulent wind conditions using a high-fidelity aeroservoelastic model of a multi-MW wind turbine.
Highlights
The wind blowing over a wind turbine rotor leaves its own specific fingerprint on the machine response
After having verified in the previous sections that blade load harmonics carry enough information to infer wind states in steady conditions, attention is turned to the dynamic problem
This paper has presented a method to estimate the wind inflow at the rotor disk of an operating wind turbine
Summary
The wind blowing over a wind turbine rotor leaves its own specific fingerprint on the machine response. Extensive numerical experiments have shown that the load–wind model on which the estimator is based must consider at least four wind states instead of two, i.e., the two yaw misalignment and upflow angles as well as the two horizontal and vertical shears. These four states, together with the mean rotor-equivalent speed, represent the lowest-order full approximation of the wind inflow at the rotor disk: the two angles give the orientation of the mean wind vector with the rotor axis, while mean speed and the two shears describe a tilted planar (or mixed linear–exponential, depending on the type of shears considered) inflow.
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