Wind Energy as One of the Directions of Energy Efficiency and Energy Saving

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AbstractDue to the depletion of resources for traditional energy in the world, as well as the gradual abandonment of nuclear energy by a number of countries, much attention is paid to energy conservation and energy efficiency, one of the main sources of which is renewable energy sources, including wind energy. Wind power is the most developed sector of renewable energy (not including hydropower), which is reflected in its economic characteristics. Thus, onshore wind power plants are characterized by one of the lowest indicators of the cost of electricity production among alternative types of generation. However, offshore wind power plants are still inferior to some types of renewable energy sources and are twice the level of traditional thermal power plants.In this article, the authors consider the state and prospects of development of the world wind energy. The distribution of installed capacity of wind power plants by regions of the world is analyzed and the share of countries in the total installed capacity is determined. The leading countries have been identified, and the reasons for the rapid growth of wind generation in these countries, including government support measures, have been identified. The state and prospects of wind energy development in Russia are considered, and it is also noted that the Russian Federation has significant potential in the field of wind energy development, which makes it possible to make optimistic forecasts in terms of providing electricity to remote areas of Russia. The technical electric power potential of wind power is about 17.1 TW-h/year, which is an order of magnitude higher than the amount of electricity generated by all power plants in the country in 2018. The scientific increment is to identify the key problems facing domestic wind energy.KeywordsEnergy efficiencyEnergy savingWind energyWind power plantsCapacityWorld productionRussian wind energy marketState and prospects of developmentMajor countriesPricesLawJEL CodeQ42Q47P28