Wind and photovoltaic systems in sustainable energy mixes: Cost-effective integration approaches

Abstract

This study introduces an innovative methodology for optimizing the renewable energy sources (RES) mix, specifically wind-based distributed generation (WDG) and photovoltaic distributed generation (PVDG), in smart grids to enhance sustainability and efficiency. Our primary aim is to minimize total system costs, encompassing capital, operational, and maintenance expenses for RES units, alongside grid energy purchases. This methodology incorporates probabilistic models for each generation technology, energy prices, and demand. These models are integrated into a comprehensive multi-state generation-load-price model, addressing uncertainties and enhancing smart grid operations through real-time control. By leveraging the communication infrastructure of smart grids, the approach optimizes investments and boosts RES penetration during the planning phase. Simulation results from a representative distribution system demonstrate the efficacy of this approach in augmenting RES integration within the energy mix and maximizing investment returns. Compared to traditional RES planning, our methodology achieves a significant 2.47-fold increase in RES intake with minimal energy curtailment (8.38 %) and a notable 28.3 % reduction in total costs. These outcomes highlight the potential of our planning approach to significantly enhance the sustainability and economic viability of smart grid systems, proving effective in managing all conceivable system conditions and optimizing the energy mix. This study underscores the benefits of incorporating advanced probabilistic models and real-time control in smart grid planning to meet sustainability goals effectively.