Abstract

Ausgehend von kontroversen Positionen hinsichtlich der Fragestellungen, ob (a) die Gedachtnisspanne (GS) einem bedeutsamen Altersabbau unterliegt und (b) die Kapazitat des Arbeitsgedachtnisses uber die Lebensspanne hinweg weitgehend konstant bleibt, werden vier Erwartungen formuliert: (1) Es gibt einen bedeutsamen GS-Altersabbau. (2) Die Informationsverarbeitungsgeschwindigkeit (IVG) nimmt bis zum fruhen Erwachsenenalter zu und unterliegt ebenfalls einem Altersabbau. (3) Die IVG ist uber die gesamte Lebensspanne eine wesentliche Determinante interindividueller GS-Differenzen. (4) Die Kapazitat der artikulatorischen Memorier-Schleife (MS) des Arbeitsgedachtnisses ist altersinvariant. Die Erwartungen werden in einer Studie mit je 30 Pbn aus funf Altersgruppen (6, 8, 10, 22, 72 Jahre) uberpruft, in denen die GS und die IVG fur einsilbige Worter erhoben und die MS aus dem Produkt von GS und IVG geschatzt wird. Alle vier Erwartungen lassen sich empirisch bestatigen. Allerdings legt ein marginaler Alterstrend der MS-Mirte1werte nahe, der Frage nach der MS-Altersinvarianz weitere Untersuchungen zu widmen. (DIPF/ Orig.) In recent memory development research some issues surrounding (a) memory span differences between young and old people and (b) working memory capacity across life span are discussed controversial. This study was designed to test the following assumptions: (1) Memory span (MS) does decline in old age. (2) Information processing speed (IPS) increases from childhood to early adulthood and decreases to the end of the life span. (3) There exists a strong relationship between MS and IPS independent of people's age.(4) The time-limited capacity of the articulatory rehearsal loop (RL) as a subsystem of working memory is age-invariant across life span. Wordspan and speech rate for monosyllabic nouns were assessed from 30 Ss from each of five different age-groups (6, 8, 10, 22, 72 years). An individual RL-score was computed by the product of subject's wordspan and the calculated mean time for processing one word. The four assumptions mentioned above could be confirmed statistically. However, a marginal but consistent age-trend regarding RL does raise some doubts on the hypothesized constant RL-capacity across life span. (DIPF/ Orig.)

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