Abstract
In this paper, we present a method for low-signal S11 parameter vector measurements of a cryogenic device in the microwave frequency range. In particular, the intermediate frequency (IF) impedance of MgB2 hot-electron bolometer (HEB) mixers was investigated over a frequency range of 100 MHz to 10 GHz. A new cryogenic calibration technique, which employs the HEB as a calibration kit and requires two consecutive thermal cycles, was developed for this purpose. The real part of measured IF impedance showed a strong correlation with the differential resistance (dV/dI) obtained from the dc $I$ – $V$ curves, whereas the imaginary part was capacitive for almost the entire frequency range.
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