Abstract
In this letter, a wideband three-dimensional (3-D) isotropic antenna is proposed with improved 3 dB coverage ratio. Based on the investigation about the effect of the metallic ground size on isotropic radiation, a compact sequential-phase feeding network made of lumped components with miniaturized ground is elaborately designed for wide operating bandwidth and enhanced 3 dB coverage ratio in 3-D space. In the measurement, the antenna prototype is with the size of 70 × 70 × 0.5 mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sup> (0.23 × 0.23 × 0.0017 <italic xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">λ</i> <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">0</sub> <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sup> ). The measured result shows that the proposed antenna provides the 6 dB gain variation fractional bandwidth of 4% and the 3 dB coverage ratio of more than 80%, leading to promising usage for wideband isotropic radiation applications.
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