Abstract
Wireless data traffic has increased significantly due to the rapid growth of smart terminals and evolving real-time technologies. With the dramatic growth of data traffic, the existing cellular networks including Fifth-Generation (5G) networks cannot fully meet the increasingly rising data rate requirements. The Sixth-Generation (6G) mobile network is expected to achieve the high data rate requirements of new transmission technologies and spectrum. This paper presents the radio channel measurements to study the channel characteristics of 6G networks in the 107–109 GHz band in three different industrial environments. The path loss, K-factor, and time dispersion parameters are investigated. Two popular path loss models for indoor environments, the close-in free space reference distance (CI) and floating intercept (FI), are used to examine the path loss. The mean excess delay (MED) and root mean squared delay spread (RMSDS) are used to investigate the time dispersion of the channel. The path loss results show that the CI and FI models fit the measured data well in all industrial settings with a path loss exponent (PLE) of 1.6–2. The results of the K-factor show that the high value in industrial environments at the sub-6 GHz band still holds well in our measured environments at a high frequency band above 100 GHz. For the time dispersion parameters, it is found that most of the received signal energy falls in the early delay bins. This work represents a first step to establish the feasibility of using 6G networks operating above 100 GHz for industrial applications.
Highlights
The worldwide marketing of networks of 5G is underway, increasing the catalysts for the next-generation of wireless technologies of 6G due to the ever-increasing demands for massive connectivity to connect millions of people and billions of machines and the emerging class of real-time, interactive applications, such as autonomous vehicles and virtual reality [1,2]
This study found that the path loss exponent (PLE) for the LoS link was around 1.9 and that the mean value of the root mean squared delay spread (RMSDS) was 428.4 ps for the LoS link, while the RMSDS values for the NLoS link varied from 187 ps to 227 ps based on the obstacles’ materials
Model, alpha-beta-gamma (ABG) model, and close-in frequency dependent (CIF) model were investigated, and the results showed that the ABG and CIF models were more stable than the CI and floating intercept (FI) models [31]
Summary
The worldwide marketing of networks of 5G is underway, increasing the catalysts for the next-generation of wireless technologies of 6G due to the ever-increasing demands for massive connectivity to connect millions of people and billions of machines and the emerging class of real-time, interactive applications, such as autonomous vehicles and virtual reality [1,2]. The rapid growth of emerging applications leads to the never-ending growth of mobile data traffic. The details of the 6G wireless communication vision, requirements, and applications were provided in [5,7] and some references therein. It is expected that 6G communications will continue to support the applications of industries including the automation of factories [10,11]. Massive industrial devices will be connected in IIoT networks that require an extra-high data rate and low latency [12]. To support the applications of IIoT, the 6G systems will provide a data rate of 1 Tb/s and a latency of. Many academic and research centers have begun to study the THz radio propagation channel for 6G future wireless communications.
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