Wide genetic heterogeneity and low antimicrobial resistance of enteroaggregative Escherichia coli isolates from several rural communities.

Abstract

Enteroaggregative Escherichia coli (EAEC), a highly heterogeneous pathotype of E. coli classified as typical and atypical, are an emerging cause of acute and persistent diarrhea. We aimed to investigate whether population living in rural geographic areas, impacts in the heterogeneity, dissemination and antimicrobial susceptibility of EAEC strains. EAEC isolates (n=73) were analysed for the presence of 23 putative virulence factors, plasmid and antimicrobial resistance profiles, biofilm formation, pulsedfield gel electrophoresis (PFGE) and by multilocus sequence typing (MLST). The agg3A, agg4A, agn43, aap, shf, astA, pet, pic/set1A and sat genes, biofilm forming and antimicrobial resistance were statistically associated with typical EAEC. A low frequency of all isolates was resistant or showed a multidrug-resistance profile. No isolate showed the same plasmid profile. In total, 58 different pulsotypes were observed. Sixteen isolates analysed by MLST belonged to 15 different sequence types (ST) and showed a different PFGE pattern and virulence-gene profile. The fact that the communities are semi-isolated did not impact on the peculiar heterogeneity of EAEC, being characterized as epidemiologically independent strains.