Abstract
The article addresses the questions of social development related to the issue of the relationship between society and nature. The subject of social development is man endowed with reason, that is, the ability to create tools for living, using natural resources for his or her own interests and goals. But in this there is no common purpose accepted in advance, the vector of development is determined by the elemental background, as the combined result of the actions of many people impelled by various motives under circumstances that they themselves did not choose. An unintended consequence of this development is the disruption of the natural environment, first the local, and with the transition to the industrial era, the global. The role of man in this process is due to his dualistic ancestral nature, the dichotomy of private and common interests. Modern society hypertrophies private interests, giving rise to a type of “selfish individual” with consumer expectations, and economic growth which has already gone beyond the biosphere potential of the planet. Awareness of the elemental background of development leads to an understanding of the need for conscious regulation and control. Instead of development aimed at private interests, there should come development aimed at the common interests of survival and the preservation of nature in a condition suitable for life. The concept of sustainable development is aimed at such a perspective. It is impossible to force the biosphere to develop “for man”, but it is possible to change values, behavior, production methods and consumer habits “for nature”. It is a long and difficult path, and the inertia of resistance is great, so the future remains uncertain.
Highlights
The article addresses the questions of social development related to the issue of the relationship between society and nature
The subject of social development is man endowed with reason, that is, the ability to create tools for living, using natural resources for his or her own interests and goals
In this there is no common purpose accepted in advance, the vector of development is determined by the elemental background, as the combined result of the actions of many people impelled by various motives under circumstances that they themselves did not choose
Summary
Б. Почему социальное развитие приводит к разладу человека с природой // Социологическая наука и социальная практика. Субъект социального развития – человек, наделённый разумом, то есть способностью создавать средства для жизни, используя природные ресурсы в своих интересах и целях. No 1(29), 2020 что социальное развитие необходимо изучать, оценивать и прогнозировать в самом широком социоприродном контексте, то есть с точки зрения взаимосвязи и взаимовлияния общества и природной среды. Природу и общество можно и нужно рассматривать в их взаимосвязи, как единую систему, но с той оговоркой, что социальное развитие отличается от биологической эволюции, так как в первом случае субъектом выступает человек, наделённый разумом, способностью передавать информацию путём социального наследования, производить средства для жизни, создавать и совершенствовать орудия труда, использовать и преобразовывать для своих нужд природные ресурсы, изменять способы производства и формы своего общественного бытия. На более высоком уровне развития научно-технический прогресс, промышленная революция, индустриализация, урбанизация, успехи медицины привели к ситуации, когда антропогенное воздействие на природную среду стало выходить за пределы «несущей способности» биосферы
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