Abstract
Alternaria alternata is a pathogen in a wide range of agriculture crops and causes significant economic losses. A strain of A. alternata (Y784-BC03) was isolated and identified from “Hongyang” kiwifruit and demonstrated to cause black spot infections on fruits. The genome sequence of Y784-BC03 was obtained using Nanopore MinION technology. The assembled genome is composed of 33,869,130bp (32.30Mb) comprising 10 chromosomes and 11,954 genes. A total of 2,180 virulence factors were predicted to be present in the obtained genome sequence. The virulence factors comprised genes encoding secondary metabolites, including non-host-specific toxins, cell wall-degrading enzymes, and major transcriptional regulators. The predicted gene clusters encoding genes for the biosynthesis and export of secondary metabolites in the genome of Y784-BC03 were associated with non-host-specific toxins, including cercosporin, dothistromin, and versicolorin B. Major transcriptional regulators of different mycotoxin biosynthesis pathways were identified, including the transcriptional regulators, polyketide synthase, P450 monooxygenase, and major facilitator superfamily transporters.
Highlights
Kiwifruit (Actinidia chinensis) is a popular fruit worldwide
Our results demonstrated that A. alternata (Y784-BC03) is a causal agent of black spot on kiwifruit
These included ACR-toxin biosynthesis hydroxylase, a gene responsible for the completion of the ring structure of ACR-toxin (Izumi et al, 2012b), AKT7, which is involved in AK-toxin biosynthesis (Takaoka et al, 2014), and TOXA and HC-toxin bZIP transcription factors (Walton, 2006)
Summary
Kiwifruit (Actinidia chinensis) is a popular fruit worldwide. “Hongyang” is an excellent variety of red-flesh kiwifruit that is widely grown in China. The farmers employ a management system to limit fungal pathogens, black spot of kiwifruit often occurs during kiwifruit development. A. alternata is a saprophytic fungus in the order Hyphomycetes, Fungi Imperfecti. It has the ability to inhabit a wide range of plant an animal hosts. A. alternata is a saprophytic pathogen in fruits and is the causal agent of Alternaria rot in apple, pear, strawberry, melon, persimmon, and Brassica species (Nishimura and Kohmoto, 1983; Li et al, 2013; Meena and Samal, 2019). A. alternata has been reported to be the causal agent of black rot in kiwifruit at both pre- and postharvest stages (Kwon et al, 2011)
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