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Abstract
Rotaviruses infect humans and animals and are a main cause of diarrhea. They are non-enveloped viruses with a genome of 11 double-stranded RNA segments. Based on genome analysis and amino acid sequence identities of the capsid protein VP6, the rotavirus species A to J (RVA-RVJ) have been defined so far. In addition, rotaviruses putatively assigned to the novel rotavirus species K (RVK) and L (RVL) have been recently identified in common shrews (Sorex araneus), based on partial genome sequences. Here, the complete genome sequence of strain KS14/0241, a prototype strain of RVL, is presented. The deduced amino acid sequence for VP6 of this strain shows only up to 47% identity to that of RVA to RVJ reference strains. Phylogenetic analyses indicate a clustering separated from the established rotavirus species for all 11 genome segments of RVL, with the closest relationship to RVH and RVJ within the phylogenetic RVB-like clade. The non-coding genome segment termini of RVL showed conserved sequences at the 5′-end (positive-sense RNA strand), which are common to all rotaviruses, and those conserved among the RVB-like clade at the 3′-end. The results are consistent with a classification of the virus into a novel rotavirus species L.
Highlights
Rotaviruses are a main cause of acute diarrhea in children and young animals
The coding regions are flanked by non-coding regions (NCRs) at the 5 - and 3 -ends of the genome segments, which contain nucleotide positions highly conserved among rotaviruses of the same species [13]
The samples were screened by reverse transcription (RT-)PCR for the presence of RVL-RNA using primers ShrewRVL-s (5 -TGA TCT GCT TGC TAT GAA ATA TGA-3 ) and ShrewRVL-as (5 -ATC TAG TTG GAT GTT ATC AAT CAT-3 ), which have been designed based on available partial RVL sequences
Summary
Rotaviruses are a main cause of acute diarrhea in children and young animals. It has been estimated that 128,500 deaths among children younger than 5 years worldwide were attributed to rotavirus infections in 2016 [1]. Rotaviruses have been described as an important cause of diarrhea in domestic mammals [2,3] and poultry [4,5] They have been detected in several wild animal species including wild boars, bats, rats and shrews [6,7,8,9]. Other strains were putatively grouped into a proposed species designated as RVK, which is most closely related to RVC, or another proposed species designated as RVL, which is most closely related to RVH [9] These classifications are preliminary as only partial genome sequences were available for these rotaviruses so far. Based on phylogenetic clustering and conserved sequences at the 3 -termini of the genome segments, RVL has to be considered as a new member of the RVB-like clade of rotaviruses
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