Which concentration to choose in dual flow cardiac CT?

Abstract

An extensive number of protocols have been suggested to allow for functional diagnostics; however, no data is available about the minimal amount of contrast medium to achieve reliable imaging properties. None of the plethora of existing studies report a rational why the specific concentration was chosen. A total of 40 patients were included in this prospective, controlled study. They were divided up into four equal groups getting a different concentration (10%, 20%, 30% or 40%) of a second contrast medium bolus. Corresponding septal and right ventricular ROIs were compared. A visual score was established. Coronary attenuation was measured in the right and left coronary artery. Streak artifacts in the right atrium/ventricle were assessed. In the 10% contrast medium (CM) group only in 5/10 (50%) patients full septal delineation was reached. In all other groups full septal visualization was obtained. No group showed a relevant difference of mean density measured in HU units of the left ventricle or the coronary arteries. All study groups except of group 1 (10% CM) showed streak artifacts in the right atrium. The dual flow protocol with a minimum concentration of 20% improves septal visualization as basis for left ventricular functional assessment, however, does not allow for reliable right ventricular or atrial visualization. There is no significant difference between the different concentration protocols in terms of coronary attenuation.