Abstract
Porous carbon structures derived from whey powders are described and evaluated as potential scaffolds in bone tissue engineering. These materials have a porosity between 48% and 58%, with a hierarchical pore size distribution ranging from 1 to 400 micrometres. Compressive strength and elastic modulus are outstanding for such a porous material, being up to three times better than those of traditional HA or TCP scaffolds with similar porosities. They also present non-cytotoxic and bioactive behavior, due to their carbon-based composition that also includes some residual mineral salts content.
Highlights
Tissue engineering and biomedical sciences have reached significant advances during the last years, which has led to a growing demand of new materials
Synthetic bone scaffolds must comply with a compilation of lab requirements that qualify them as good candidates to be implanted into a living body [1]
In the case of WDCS750, this lixiviation was observed in the first stages of the the WCDS450, with the concentration of Na+ and K+ increasing as the soaking time intest, and it stabilized
Summary
Tissue engineering and biomedical sciences have reached significant advances during the last years, which has led to a growing demand of new materials. Bone grafting, has become a common surgical procedure all over the world, and the need of available and non-expensive materials is crucial to supply a proper medical attention and surgery for the worldwide population. Natural sources for bone grafts materials are highly limited, and the development of synthetic alternatives must be undertaken. Synthetic bone scaffolds must comply with a compilation of lab requirements that qualify them as good candidates (or not) to be implanted into a living body [1]. Summarizing, the scaffold has to imitate as much as possible the physical and chemical characteristics of the natural bone, which is basically a mixture of some specific organic and inorganic compounds. A bone scaffold must combine a proper porosity to allow the cell adhesion, differentiation and proliferation and the vascularization, with good mechanical properties. Regarding to the chemical properties, it must present no cytotoxic behavior and should have enough chemical affinity to promote the adhesion of cells
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