Abstract
During rounded vowels the outer end of the vocal tract may be modeled as an ellipse in the plane perpendicular to the midline. But in other vowels the termination of the vocal tract has a more complex shape because the corners of the lips are not in the same plane as the opening in the midline. in order to investigate appropriate ways of modeling lip actions, three trained subjects were recorded and photographed while saying pairs of vowels such as [i, y; e, ø; Ɯ, u]. In saying each pair subjects took care to hold the tongue position steady and to move only the lips. For each of the rounded vowels a computer model was set up with the observed lip opening and the vocal tract shape that produced the best match to the observed formant frequencies. With this vocal tract shape maintained, the lip opening was then set to that observed in the corresponding unrounded vowel. By varying the distance of the lip opening from the glottis, a program found the best acoustic match to the unrounded vowel. The results indicate the way in which the apparent location of the termination of the vocal tract varies with lip opening.
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