Abstract
In the aftermath of the Doorn Manifesto (1954), Team 10 members synthesize their earlier projects into a new urban model: the Cluster City. In 1961, the Lisbon Technical Office for Housing (Gabinete Técnico de Habitação) – GTH was established to support the Portuguese government in solving an ongoing housing shortage. Soon, this new office planned the urbanization of the Chelas Valley, a large suburban agricultural area situated in the East area of Lisbon. This plan tested approaches to neighbourhood planning unprecedented in the municipality. The Zone I of the Plan, by Francisco Silva Dias and Luís Vassalo Rosa (1966) was the first to be implemented, echoing in practice the principles of the Doorn Manifesto.
 In this essay, we identify the urban forms used in this Plan, and the ‘ground rules’ which structured it and influenced its change over time. Furthermore, we ask how sustainable this Cluster City is, and whether it can shed some light in the recent demise of emblematic examples like Toulouse-Le Mirail and Robin Hood Gardens.
Highlights
This essay explores relations between the Cluster City, developed by Team 10 in the 1950s, and the urbanization of the Chelas Valley in Lisbon, under the ‘Plano de Urbanização de Chelas’ (PUC) designed in the 1960s, by architects Francisco Silva Dias and José Rafael Botelho, with João Reis Machado, Alfredo Silva Gomes, Luís Vassalo Rosa and Carlos Worm
As Zone I was the first Chelas zone to be designed and built, we focus in it, disclosing the principles underlying its original plan, i.e., its ‘ground rules’, and changes verified until the present
We highlight the principles of these plans and the urban forms used to implement them, and how these can be approached towards neighbourhood redevelopment and sustainability, which place great pressures on urban housing
Summary
This essay explores relations between the Cluster City, developed by Team 10 in the 1950s, and the urbanization of the Chelas Valley in Lisbon, under the ‘Plano de Urbanização de Chelas’ (PUC) designed in the 1960s, by architects Francisco Silva Dias and José Rafael Botelho, with João Reis Machado, Alfredo Silva Gomes, Luís Vassalo Rosa and Carlos Worm. As Zone I was the first Chelas zone to be designed and built, we focus in it, disclosing the principles underlying its original plan, i.e., its ‘ground rules’, and changes verified until the present.
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