What Use is Anatomy in First Opinion Small Animal Veterinary Practice? A Qualitative Study.

Roisin Wheble,Sarah Beth Channon

doi:10.1002/ase.1995

Abstract

Despite the uncontested importance of anatomy as one of the foundational aspects of undergraduate veterinary programs, there is still limited information available as to what anatomy knowledge is most important for the graduate veterinarian in their daily clinical work. The aim of this study was therefore to gain a deeper understanding of the role that anatomy plays in first opinion small animal veterinary practice. Using ethnographic methodologies, the authors aimed to collect rich qualitative data to answer the question "How do first opinion veterinarians use anatomy knowledge in their day-to-day clinical practice?" Detailed observations and semi-structured interviews were conducted with five veterinarians working within a single small animal first opinion practice in the United Kingdom. Thematic analysis was undertaken, identifying five main themes: Importance; Uncertainty; Continuous learning; Comparative and dynamic anatomy; and Communication and language. Anatomy was found to be interwoven within all aspects of clinical practice; however, veterinarians were uncertain in their anatomy knowledge. This impacted their confidence and how they carried out their work. Veterinarians described continually learning and refreshing their anatomy knowledge in order to effectively undertake their role, highlighting the importance of teaching information literacy skills within anatomy curricula. An interrelationship between anatomy use, psychomotor, and professional skills was also highlighted. Based on these findings, recommendations were made for veterinary anatomy curriculum development. This study provides an in-depth view within a single site small animal general practice setting: further work is required to assess the transferability of these findings to other areas of veterinary practice.

Highlights

Anatomy is one of the foundational aspects of medical and veterinary education, and often deemed one of the most important (Cottam, 1999; McLachlan and Patten, 2006; Sugand et al, 2010)
The major findings of this study can be summarized in three parts: (1) anatomy is critically important within much of a first opinion veterinarian’s day-to-day job, but some veterinarians are uncertain in their anatomy knowledge, which impacts their confidence and work; (2) veterinarians are continually learning and refreshing their anatomy knowledge in order to effectively undertake their role; (3) there is a clear and important inter-relationship between psychomotor and professional skills and anatomy use in first opinion veterinary practice
They felt that anatomy was utilized in every aspect of their role within first opinion veterinary practice, and this view was corroborated by observational data

Summary

Introduction

Anatomy is one of the foundational aspects of medical and veterinary education, and often deemed one of the most important (Cottam, 1999; McLachlan and Patten, 2006; Sugand et al, 2010). Prior to, during, and since this period of modernization, debate has raged about whether medical and veterinary graduates are competent in anatomy (Monkhouse, 1992; Prince et al, 2005; Ahmed et al, 2010; Sugand et al, 2010; Bagley et al, 2011; Bergman et al, 2011, 2014) Central to this debate are the differing opinions of how much anatomical knowledge is required to allow the safe and efficient practice of medicine

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